Individual Behaviour Free Essays

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MSC 42102 Individual Processes Attitude and Values Organizational Behavior Submitted To :Submitted By : Dr. Pramod PathakAjit Vinod Kujur Manwendra Prakash Anshul Rawat Prateek Purty Prateeksha Maurya Individual Processes Individual behavior is how we as individuals behave ourselves. This behavior is subject to many personal traits as well as habits, values, perceptions, and other qualities and features. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Behaviour or any similar topic only for you Order Now People make assumptions about those whom they work with, supervise, or spend time with in leisure activities. To some extent, these assumptions influence the person’s behavior towards others. Effective employees understand what affects their own behavior before attempting to influence the behavior of others. Individual behavior is the foundation of organizational performance. Understanding individual behavior, therefore, is crucial for effective management. Each person is a physiological system composed of a number of subsystems- attitudes, perception, personality, needs, values and feelings. Attitude A tendency to feel behave in a particular way towards objects, people or events. Characteristics Remain unchanged for a long period – unless influenced by external forces * Evaluative statements – favorable or  unfavorable Components * Cognitive – the opinions, values or  beliefs of an individual * Affective – the feelings of a person towards something * Behavioral – the intention of a person to behave in a particular way Sources of  Attitude * A ttitudes are acquired by parents, teachers, peer group members * Individuals are willing to modify their  behavior shape their attitude – to match with the opinion leader   * Attitude can be changed by providing feedback Types of  Attitude * Job satisfaction * The pleasurable or positive emotional state that results when an individual evaluates his job or job experience. Dimensions * It is an emotional response to a job. * The satisfaction that an individual derives from his  job depends on the extent to which outcomes meet his expectations. * Job satisfaction reflects other attitudes of employee. * 6 dimensions (P. C. Smith, L. M Kendall, C. L. Hulin) i. e. 1) The work 2) The pay 3) Promotion 4) Opportunity 5) Supervision 6) Co-worker 7) Working conditions Job Involvement * The extent to which person identifies himself psychologically with his job, actively participates in it considers that his performance in the job contribute to his self worth * Organizational Commitment * An employee’s satisfaction with a particular  organization its goals OC is affected by a number of * Personal variables – employee’s age, attitude towards job. * Organizational variables – job design, leadership style of the superior. John P. Meyer Natalie J. Allen gave 3 component model i. . * Affective commitment – It is concerned with employee’s emotional attachment involvement with the organization * Continuance commitment – It is influenced by the costs that could accrue to the employee if he leaves the org * Normative commitment – It refers to the extent to which an employee feels obliged to continue in the organization. Functions of Attitudes * The adjustment function * People modify their attitudes to adjust to their work environment * When fair treatment is given – positive attitude When treatment is not good – negative attitude * Ego-defensive function * Attitudes help employee to defend their self  image – when mistake identified – protects their ego * The value expressive function * Values can be expressed through attitudes E. g. if mgr wants employee to work hard – may tell company has a trad ition of hard work. * The knowledge function * Attitudes act as a standard of reference which allows people to understand explain their environment. E. g. Union leader’s attitude towards management – based on past. Attitudes Consistency * People may change their attitude – do not contradict their action * If any discrepancy arises, individuals will try to bridge the discrepancy by developing a rational explanation for  the discrepancy. Cognitive Dissonance Theory – Leon Festinger (1950s) * Cognitive dissonance – Incompatibility that an individual may perceive between 2 or more of his attitudes or between his behavior and attitude. * Emotional dissonance – Conflict between the emotions an individual experiences emotions he needs to express An individual can deal with dissonance either by * Sticking to his attitude * Give up his attitude * Change the attitude Values Values are enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence. Values in the Workplace * Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences * Define right or wrong, good or bad * Value system — hierarchy of values Values and Behavior Habitual behavior usually consistent with values, but conscious behavior less so because values are abstract constructs * Decisions and behavior are linked to values when: * Mindful of our values have logical reasons to apply values in that situation * Situation does not interfere Values Congruence * Used where two or more entities have similar value systems * Problems with incongruence * Incompatible decisions * Lower satisfaction/loyalty * Higher stress and turnover Benefits of incongruenc e * Better decision making (diverse perspectives) * Avoids â€Å"corporate cults† Values across Cultures: Individualism and Collectivism * Degree that people value duty to their group (collectivism) versus independence and person uniqueness (individualism) * Previously considered opposites, but unrelated — i. e. possible to value high individualism and high collectivism Ethical Behavior Ethical Behavior means acting in ways consistent with one’s personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society. Qualities Required for Ethical Decision-making * The competence to identify ethical issues and evaluate the consequences of alternative courses of action. The self-confidence to seek out different opinions about the issue and decide what is right in terms of a situation. * Tough-mindedness – the willingness to make decisions when all that needs to be known cannot be known and when the ethical issue has no established, unambiguous solution. Values, Ethics Ethical Behavior * Value Systems – systems of beliefs that affec t what the individual defines as right, good, and fair * Ethics – reflects the way values are acted out * Ethical behavior – actions consistent with one’s values How to cite Individual Behaviour, Essay examples

Literature Review for Uber Unfair Dismissal Case- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Review for Uber Unfair Dismissal Case. Answer: Introduction Human resource is the biggest asset for any organization which could help the organization to attain its goals and the objectives. In this assessment, business article on the Uber Companys unfair dismissal cases will be discussed. Uber is a well-known multinational service providing company involved in providing cab services to its users. Under this article, it was observed that Uber was not treating its cabdrivers in fair manner. The main concern was Uber was treating its drivers as their employees and it was leading to the exploitation of the drivers interest in the company. In order to determine various objectives regarding this article, Significance, objectives, issues, etc. will be identified in order to gain appropriate knowledge in relevance with the business article. Significance of Study According to Thijssens, Bollen, Hassink (2015), business article was published on the treatment done by the Uber Company with its employees. They were not treating their cab drivers as their permanent employees and it was leading to various issues. In this literature review, various aspects of this case will be discussed. As per the AFR report, Uber Company was exploiting its employees (driver) rights. The benefits which should an employee should get from its employer were not given to the drivers due to this unfair treatment. With regards to this, Rideshare Drivers Association of Australia defended the drivers of Uber and they filed a case against the company so that Uber Companys drivers could get adequate benefits. With practising this functionality, Uber was exploiting the job security of the drivers. The case filed by the Association was submitted to the Fair Work Commission with regards to breaching of contracts which were made by the company with the drivers. The contracts te rms and conditions clearly describes that drivers are performing functionalities for company as per the requirement. In this scenario, companys liability towards the drivers was nil if they wants to discontinue with the driver. Issues With the effect of this business article, Collings (2014), reviewed the case and argued that this was leading to enhancement of the job security with the employees (drivers) linked with the company. As per the Human Resource policies published by the Australian government, organization needs to work for employees interest which is also a corporate social responsibility from the perceptive of the organization. The major issue which was employees were facing with the organizations act was leading to the job insecurity to the drivers. As per the rules and the regulations, employees have the right to know regarding the amendments made in the policies of the company. Irrelevance to this fact, Uber Company has overruled this policy and they have developed contracts under which organization does not need to provide any type of prior notice before retrenchment of drivers or breaching of contract. Apart from this, it was also leading to the breaching of the corporate social responsibility in which organization needs to develop and maintain certain criteria for securing its stakeholders interest. Uber was practising unethical activities which were leading to the development of negative image in the consumers as well as in employees mind-sets. Reviewing the functionalities of the organization, Uber was not following any of the ethical policy in their working procedure. In the given scenario, drivers faces any situation while serving for company; they will not be liable to provide any kind of services or help. This was not only affecting the interest of the employees, it was leading to the various issues such as organizations image was declining in the global market. Objective Objective of this research is to identify the motive of Uber Company in relevance with the unfair dismissal of its employees. Employees are known as the workforce of the organization and they are the major sources through which organization could reach its desired objectives and the goals. But Uber Company is following unfair practices under which they have made new contracts for the drivers with unethical clauses. These clauses define that organization could break the contract when they feel and no employee can take any kind of legal action against the organizational decision. The amendments done by the organizational management was without informing the drivers. It was leading to the job insecurity for the drivers. As per Cook (2016), every company needs to follow and adopt HR policies and with regards to those policies, organization needs to develop certain strategies through which organization could secure its employees and other stakeholders interest. But as per the article publ ished, Uber was not fulfilling these requirements which were enhancing the job security as well as it was leading to the breaching of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). Apart from identifying the motive behind the companys amendments in the policies, it was also observed that the organization was performing these activities for securing themselves from any kind of liability towards its drivers. It was also leading to the breaching of the HR policies and it was not leading to dissatisfaction amongst the employees (drivers). The unethical behaviour done by the Uber Company was analysed from the business article and through the same article, various other unethical activities practiced by the organization were also gets analysed. Sources of Information and research design The strategy used for conducting above research is qualitative research design. For the better understanding and the evaluation, secondary sources of the information were used as Secondary stakeholder influence on CSR disclosure: An application of stakeholder salience theory. Identify Hypothesis and Conclusion In order to determine the hypothesis for above case, from the perception of the Uber Company, it can be evaluated that the overall objective of the company is to gain maximum profits and the revenues while another hypothesis situation will be from the perception of the employees. It is said that, they should be treated with adequate benefits and rewards which should be provided to a permanent employee. From the above research, it can be concluded that organizational performance should met the objectives of the employees to attaining better growth and success. As Uber Company is not fulfilling the HR policies as well as the CSR requirements which were leading them towards the declining position in the global market. Bibliography Collings, D. G. (2014). Integrating global mobility and global talent management: Exploring the challenges and strategic opportunities. Journal of World Business, 49(2), 253-261 Cook, M. (2016). Personnel Selection: Adding Value Through People-a Changing Picture. John Wiley Sons. Thijssens, T., Bollen, L., Hassink, H. (2015). Secondary stakeholder influence on CSR disclosure: An application of stakeholder salience theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(4), 873-891.

Taking Responsibility Essay Example For Students

Taking Responsibility Essay 1999 must be a great year to be alive if you are a criminal! Nobody takes responsibility for his or her own actions anymore. Someone commits a heinous crime, and anything but the criminal gets blamed. It was a harsh childhood, abusive parents, violent movies and video games, the availability of guns and bomb making materials, the Internet, pornography, peer pressure, etc. In my mind, if you commit a crime, then you are a criminal. I am the only one that makes the decisions I make in life. Others may influence my decisions, but ultimately, I am the one that makes that final choice. We will write a custom essay on Taking Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now No matter how hard and pathetic you think your life is, or how badly society treats you, or what you watch on TV, or what you can buy from the store or read on the Internet, you made the decision to break the law-nobody made the decision for you. Oliver Stone didnt tell you to watch Natural Born Killers and then go mimic the crimes. The NRA did not make you illegally purchase guns. The Internet did not force you to download recipes for bombs. The massacre at Columbine High School was a tragedy. Instead of looking at these kids that committed the crime and utting blame where it belongs, everyone was more than willing to point a quick finger of blame so they could feel better somehow. Unfortunately, some have used this tragedy as nothing more than an event to be exploited for their own political gains. People that are afraid of the Internet were quick to point out that Nazi and hate propaganda and bomb-making recipes are easily accessed on the Internet, and that alternative ideas seem to flourish on the Internet. Immediately everyone wants to censor the hell out of the Internet and keep their kids away from it. They fail to mention he business and education values of the Internet, and dwell on the negative. Antigun people quickly forget about the 60+ bombs that were found and focused merely on the fact that firearms were used by these psychos. They immediately want more gun laws and bans (but fail to mention that dozens of existing gun laws were broken by these boys as it is, and that the laws now being proposed in the aftermath would not have prevented this sort of thing). Others quickly point out that these kids played violent arcade games and watched violent moviesban these things as well. People that dont like or understand new music blame Marilyn Manson and other alternative and/or metal bands. Am I the only one that is saying, These kids were psychos that should have been stopped before it got this far? These kids already had criminal records. They wore Nazi paraphernalia to school, they threatened other kids. They had Web pages detailing their bombs and various hate messages. They managed to amass bomb-making materials right in their homes. They got older friends to buy guns for them, et cetera. Did nobody notice this? Where were the parents when these kids were building BOMBS right in the garage? Am I the only one saying, I use the Internet. I watch violent movies. I play video games. Ive listened to heavy metal music. I have been ridiculed by classmates, but Ive never even thought about killing anybody! I have seen Natural Born Killers. I have played Doom. Ive listened to black metal. I own several swords used in martial arts practice. I use the Internet everyday. As far as the finger-pointing crowd goes, I must seem like the most dangerous person in America. And yet I havent committed a school massacre. I have never wanted to, nor will I ever. And yet all these things are somehow to blame for these kids going nuts and attacking their fellow classmates at school. Can we stop the finger-pointing for just a second to realize these two kids, and these two kids alone (unless it is proven there were other conspirators involved), made the decision to go into that school and set off bombs and shoot at minorities and jocks? I take full responsibility for my actions, and I naà ¯vely expect others to do the same. .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb , .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb .postImageUrl , .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb , .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb:hover , .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb:visited , .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb:active { border:0!important; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb:active , .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b38991ec0f86a2c0c79b2c8041711eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: These days, information resources have developed t EssayMaybe I should just point fingers and blame others for bad stuff that happens to me. Sorry, but I take too much pride in working for what I want out of life instead of sitting back and blaming others for what I dont have. And in the same respect, if I screw up, I admit that I screwed up. Nobodys fault but my own. And if I ever commit some crime and get caught, blame ME instead of the economy, the gun laws, the drug laws, the media, the weather, or any other stupid thing that is on the cool list of things to blame today.

educational leadership trends Essay Example

educational leadership trends Essay Example educational leadership trends Essay educational leadership trends Essay Educational Leadership Trends Todays school principals, assistant principals and administratorsface a quickly- changing educational environment. Keeping up with the latest educational trends is an important aspect of effective leadership. Just as professionals in every industry must anticipate whats coming next to stay ahead of the competition, principals must study educational trends and keep their skills and knowledge updated. Its clear: when the principal falls behind, students are more likely to follow suit. Managing trends can be tricky. Its not easy to differentiate a passing fad from a valuable new ay to communicate. And it seems that every week, the next big thing to improve the business of educating students comes along. But its also true that many trends have great value and real staying power. One example is the Internet first dismissed by some which has been embraced by nearly all educators. Currently emerging trends like social media, the increasing use of technologyand performance- based teacher pay, could also be here to stay. So why not brush up on whats happening now in the fast-paced world of education? Principals: Expand Your Network Through Twitter Twitter is a great way for principals to develop relationships with supporters, fellow educators and even news organizations. Creating an account is easy and with a few keystrokes, you can connect with education professionals from coast to coast and around the world. Imagine developing a relationship with a principal in France and arranging for a Skype presentation to your French classes! Interactions like this take place every day in classrooms across the country. Does Your School Have a Blog? Blogging is another method to advance your profile as a principal. The main purpose f writing a blog is providing interesting and useful information to your audience; a common side effect is that a sense of community is created. Interacting with parents and teachers through a blog is one of the best ways to communicate your message while you discover what your audience is really thinking. Communicate Quickly Through Text Messages Text messaging to students and parents cell phones is an instant way to convey important, time-sensitive information. School emergencies and weather-related delays can be announced directly to the people who need to know whats happening. Clearly, social media is not going away. Principals who embrace these tools can improve communication and expand resources available to students. Another Emerging Trend: Aligning Teacher Pay with Positive Outcomes The Obama administration is providing over one billion dollars to The Teacher Incentive Fund, which it hopes will increase the number of top-notch teachers in the nations neediest classrooms. Through school reforms like performance pay for teachers, some believe educators will work harder to achieve results. Teachers might receive bonuses for mentoring their peers, improving student achievement or teaching in troubled schools. Several states and the District of Columbia are launching new regulations to tie teacher salaries to student test scores or other merit-based pay plans. The idea is not without controversy; teachers unions are fighting performance well planned. But with states Wing for federal dollars that require merit pay, its one educational trend thats likely to stick around at least in the near term. The Trend Toward Increasing Technology in the Classroom Harnessing the increasing availability of high-tech tools will be vital to delivering quality education to upcoming generations of students. Major educational trends hat principals need to keep up with include increasing use of computers and the Internet in the classroom, unprecedented access to mobile computing devices and preparing teachers to take advantage of educational technology. The classroom can now come to any computer anywhere, facilitating learning through 2417 access to lectures, how-to videos and podcasts. Another great way to support distance learning is by sharing presentations through sites like Slideshare. And online interactive whiteboards make it easy for students and teachers to collaborate, no matter where they might be. Education: Current Trends and Issues Print Collect It! Email By G. Olsen I M. L. Fuller Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall Updated on Jul 20, 2010 As we have seen, public policy can drive the issues that create a cultural climate looking for change. Several issues that are finding platforms for discussion among politicians, teachers, and communities could provoke changes in the next few years. The trends we currently see in family support services are: States adopting a variety of tax credits for working families giving them help with childcare and in-home care expenses (Hirschhorn Donahue, 2006) Family-leave policies, allowing both parents pportunities to spend time with newborn babies in the early formative years of infancy Flexible work schedules and Job-sharing opportunities for parents who want to continue on their career path Internet and media control legislation to assure parents that children will not view or find inappropriate materials while using these media for learning Improvement in the quality and availability of infant and toddler care Educational trends and research that we will see in the coming years include: Standards-based education, focusing on outcomes for student learning (Schumacher, Irish, Lombardi, 2003) Full-day kindergarten providing more time for in-class experiential learning (Walston West, 2004) Research on the economic impact of the chil d-care industry and its effect on the local community; employment needs are identified to maintain a workforce (Rolnick Grunewald, 2003). Prekindergarten opportunities for every four-year-old in the United States, the universal Pre-K movement (Pre[K] Now, 2006) National School Readiness Indicators Initiative, creating a set of measurable indicators defining school readiness (Getting Ready, February 005) Quality Rating Systems, a system of rating the quality of child-care programs that is tied to incentives and reimbursement rates (NCCIC, June 2002) TEACH, professional development for early-care and early-education teachers tied to education and training incentives (TEACH, 2004) Early childhood assessment, looking at appropriate assessments spurred on by the debate surrounding the Head Start National Reporting System assessment (Horton Bowman, 2001). Gubernatorial used in measuring the quality of early childhood programs (Harms, Clifford, Cryer, 1998)

The Berlin Blockade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Berlin Blockade - Research Paper Example This assignment will focus on the state of Europe and Germany after the Second World War, gaining understanding as to how Germany became split between the Eastern and Western powers, and what this meant to all who were involved. The tensions between the Soviet Union and the other Western allies will be examined in order to understand the events that led to the Berlin Blockade. The assignment will explore and analyze the Blockade itself, seeing how the Eastern and Western powers reacted to and countered one another’s actions. Finally, the aftermath of the Blockade will be looked at in order to determine what the consequences were for all who were involved and how it affected their relations in the years preceding the Blockade. 2. AFTER WORLD WAR II During World War ii, Britain, France, the United States and the Soviet Union banded together to form the allied powers in order to fight and overcome Germany. The war was brutal and left devastation in its wake. After the war, the ma in question was what to do with conquered Germany. The Soviet Union, Britain and the United States convened at Potsdam in Berlin for a conference which lasted from 16 July until 2 August. 1945. This was the third conference held by the allies after the war in which decisions were taken as how to restore Europe and deal with Germany. The leaders who attended were: Stalin of the Soviet Union, Truman of the United States and Churchill of Britain who was replaced by Attlee who had become the new Prime Minister of Britain. Already, tension was displayed between the Soviet Union who practiced Communism and the Western powers who had adopted Capitalism. The Potsdam Agreement was signed during the conference, which led to the creation of a four-power allied control council [ACC] to govern Germany. The allied council was made up of Britain, The Soviet Union, The United States and France. They were each given a zone in Germany to govern. Berlin, the capital of Germany, fell within the Soviet Union’s zone; fearing that The Soviet Union would gain an advantage by this, the other three powers insisted that Berlin too be divided into four separate sections. The Soviet Union’s zone was mainly made up of fertile agricultural land that produced most of Germany’s food; while, the British and the United States’ zones were more industrial in nature and had to rely on food stuffs from The Soviet Union. The allies planned to limit Germany’s industrial capacity in order to ensure that it would never again be able to achieve remilitarization. Britain, who occupied the zone least capable of conducting agriculture, disagreed with this resolution and fought for a greater industrial output by Germany, tightly controlled by the allies, so that Germany may become a major trading partner. Due to the lack of an agreement on this matter, each country administered its zone as it saw fit. For instance, the Soviet Union transferred all factories, equipment and technicians to Russia in order to weaken Germany and bolster Russia’s economy. [World War II Data Base, 2004] This lack of unity on the administration of Germany set the foundation for the events that would later lead to the Berlin Blockade. 3. EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE BLOCKADE The division between the Soviet Union’s Communist ideology and the Western powers Capitalist views became more pronounced over the next few years which heightened tensions within the ACC. These differences and tensions sparked off a

Discussion board - research design class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion board - research design class - Essay Example 2. Distinguishing between authoritative sources and non-authoritative ones In order to write a good scholarly paper, one has to be aware of how to distinguish between authoritative sources and non-authoritative ones. One of the criteria that is used to distinguish between the two is the credibility of the author. In most authoritative sources, the authors’ credentials are normally given in detail. Other criteria that can be used to check the authoritativeness of source is evaluating the use of evidence and critical analysis of the evidence presented. 3. Examples of authoritative sources: Peer Reviewed journals UN research reports Audit reports for companies The information contained in these sources is normally based on evidence and through research. The authors of these documents are credible and the information contained in their findings is easily verifiable. Examples of non-authoritative sources: Personal blogs Social networks Free online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia Th ese sources normally do not contain substantive information. The information found in these sources in mainly personal opinion which in many instances is not backed by any hard evidence (MW Consulting, 2008). Response on Postings The first posting contains a brief and clear definition of an authoritative source.

A study on the attitudes of Social networking sites in relation to Literature review

A study on the attitudes of Social networking sites in relation to personality types - Literature review Example Some of the most famous social networking sites include Facebook, Orkut, MySpace, Twitter and LinkedIn and these sites allow the people to make their personal profiles free of cost. The basic purpose served by these websites is to facilitate the people to develop their social network and to interact with people however; people join these websites for different reasons. Individuals may have different motives to socialise over the internet. Researchers have found a strong link between social networking site usage and personality types of individuals. They support that individuals who are more open and outgoing are usually more likely to use online social networking sites. The aim of this research is to analyse the attitudes of individuals towards social networking sites in relation to their personality types. This research is really significant to understand whether there is a strong link between social networking sites and personality types or not. This report also analyses the person ality types or traits which appear to be more active in using the online social networking websites. ... Internet and World Wide Web has brought radical changes in our lives by engaging us in communities and designing our own environment. The digital media has provided the consumers new ways to interact with people (Smith, Evans, Batty & Batty, 2002). Social networking is defined as the online community where individuals gather information, develop contacts and interact with other people (Harbaugh, 2010, pp.193). The online social network is become popular among the younger adults to mobilise their network capital through the online websites like Facebook and through these websites they are able to interact with a huge circle of friends and relatives more efficiently and less costly (Gibson et al, 2010). The Web 2.0 technology has spread widely among the people over the last five years and the social networking websites like MySpace and Facebook now attract above than 100 million visitors a month (Chui, Miller & Roberts, 2009). Social networking websites are playing a very important rol e in everyday social interactions and the role of these websites vary across relationships and in some contexts, these websites have supplemented the real-world social networks and in the other context, the existing real-world interactions are mediated by these websites (Evans, Gosling & Carroll, 2008). Early researchers were interested in determining the reasons of success of the online communities. The three kinds of perceived recognition in the online communities include identity, tangible recognition and expertise (Chan, Bhandar & Chan, 2004). However, today researchers are focusing more on personality traits, types and behaviours of the individuals on the online